Periodontists' Trends in the Management of Peri-implant Diseases.

PURPOSE: The scarce standard therapeutic protocols for the management of peri-implant diseases results in the empirical application of therapeutic modalities. The objective of this study was to carry out a survey to analyze the therapeutic trends of professionals with different academic backgrounds and levels of expertise. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An exploratory cross-sectional internet-based study survey of board-certified members of the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) was conducted. To assess the therapeutic trends, four clinical vignettes representing different scenarios of peri-implant biologic complications were provided to the participants. Differences in practice patterns were determined using chi-square test and Student t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) test for qualitative variables. RESULTS: A total of 268 members of the AAP and EFP completed the survey. A significant difference in preferred treatment plan was found between EFP and AAP periodontists, resective therapy being the treatment of choice by the majority of the former (41.2%) and regenerative therapy by the latter (48.9%; P < .001). Overall, 48.1% of experts did not consider any intervention for the management of mucositis. Antibiotic prescriptions differed among groups, with statistical significance in each clinical case, and the explantation criteria were inconsistent and differed significantly among groups. CONCLUSION: Substantial variations exist concerning the decision-making to manage peri-implant diseases and conditions.

Spectroelectrochemical Determination of Isoprenaline in a Pharmaceutical Sample.

UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) is a multi-response technique that has been commonly used for the characterization of materials and the study of reaction mechanisms. However, it has been scarcely used for quantitative purposes. SEC allows us to obtain two analytical signals simultaneously, yielding a dual sensor in just one experiment. In the last years, our group has developed new devices useful for analysis. In this work, a SEC device in parallel configuration, based on optical fibers fixed on screen-printed electrodes, was used to determine isoprenaline in a commercial drug, using both, the electrochemical and the spectroscopic signals. In this commercial drug, isoprenaline is accompanied in solution by other compounds. Among them is sodium metabisulfite, an antioxidant that strongly interferes in the isoprenaline determination. A simple pretreatment of the drug sample by bubbling wet-air allows us to avoid the interference of metabisulfite. Here, we demonstrate again the capabilities of UV/Vis absorption SEC as double sensor for analysis and we propose a simple pretreatment to remove interfering compounds.

Derivative UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry in a thin-layer regime: deconvolution and simultaneous quantification of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid.

In this work, UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), in a thin-layer regime and parallel configuration, is selected to solve a complex mixture that contains dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). These molecules, like many other biological compounds, are assuming a highly important place in analytical and biomedical fields due to the fundamental role that they play in human metabolism. In addition, low or high levels of these compounds are associated with diseases such as Parkinson's disease. For this reason, the quantification of these biomolecules is becoming increasingly critical. However, some drawbacks must be overcome, because the three molecules coexist in the human body, and the species are subject to mutual interference. In fact, they are all oxidized at similar potentials, and their UV/Vis absorption bands overlap, greatly complicating their quantification. For this reason, derivative SEC together with suitable chemometric tools such as PARAFAC are proposed to solve this complex matrix. This technique allows us to separate the contribution of each of these molecules present in a sample and to quantify all of them, achieving high resolution and reproducibility. Besides, detection limits at the micromolar level are achieved for DA, AA and UA in mixture solutions. This work thus demonstrates the great potential for derivative potentiodynamic SEC combined with the appropriate chemometric tools in solving complex mixtures, a field where SEC is still taking the first steps. Graphical abstract.

A retrospective pilot study of correlation of first maxillary premolar root trunk length with age and gender: a cone beam computed tomography study.

BACKGROUND: Root trunk length (RTL) plays an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this retrospective pilot study was to evaluate the RTL of first maxillary premolar and to study the correlation with age and sex in this value. METHODS: The sample included 110 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images comprising 220 maxillaries first premolars from systemically healthy patients aged between 18 and 70 years. The tooth length (TL), root length (RL) and RTL were measured (dependent variables). Age and sex were considered as independent variables. RESULTS: No statistically significant correlation was found between the RTL and the TL. Longer RL and longer RTL were observed in younger patients than older subjects only in the left maxillary premolars. On the other hand, the sex of the patients had no effect on either of the dependent variables. The single rooted maxillary premolars were more frequent (relative to those with two roots) in woman and in elderly patients. CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between the age and the RTL and RL has been found but only in left premolars. Sex seemed to have only a slight correlation on the frequency of single-rooted teeth of the right side of the mouth. Further studies should be addressed to clarify the significance of the asymmetries observed in the present study between the two sides of the mouth with the aim of deepening the knowledge and understanding of the different variables that could be correlated with the RTL.

Bone dehiscences and fenestrations of the anterior mandibular facial bone wall: a retrospective cone beam computed tomography study.

BACKGROUND: To calculate the prevalence of dehiscences and fenestrations and measure the buccal alveolar bone width overlying healthy mandibular incisors and canines. METHODS: Cone beam computerized tomographies (CBCTs) from patients aged 18 to 30 years were selected from a private database. The thickness of buccal bone in the sagittal scan was measured perpendicular to the long axis of 6 teeth at two locations: at the crest level and at the mid-root level. A single calibrated examiner performed all measurements. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. RESULTS: A total of 100 CBCTs (600 teeth) were selected for the analysis. The overall prevalence of dehiscences and fenestrations was 89.16% and 5.16%, respectively. Dehiscences and fenestrations were shown to have a mean length of 6.78±1.90 mm and 4.89±1.74 mm, respectively. This result was similar between young and old subjects as well as between men and women. Bone width at the crest level was significantly thinner in women (0.71±0.13 mm), whereas men were found to have a statistically significant thicker bone at the mid-root level of tooth #33. Comparisons of bone width at the mid-root level among the 6 analyzed teeth showed no statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of dehiscences and sites with thin buccal bone were identified in correspondence of the lower anterior teeth by means of CBCT analysis.